Background: A growing need exists for neuroscience platforms that can perform simultaneous chronic recording and\nstimulation of neural tissue in animal models in a telemetry-controlled fashion with signal processing for analysis of the\nchronic recording data and external triggering capability. We describe the system design, testing, evaluation, and\nimplementation of a wireless simultaneous stimulation-and-recording device (SRD) for modulating cortical circuits in\nphysiologically identified sites in primary somatosensory (SI) cortex in awake-behaving and freely-moving rats. The SRD\nwas developed using low-cost electronic components and open-source software. The function of the SRD was\nassessed by bench and in-vivo testing.\nResults: The SRD recorded spontaneous spiking and bursting neuronal activity, evoked responses to programmed\nintracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivered internally by the SRD, and evoked responses to external peripheral forelimb\nstimulation.\nConclusions: The SRD is capable of wireless stimulation and recording on a predetermined schedule or can be wirelessly\nsynchronized with external input as would be required in behavioral testing prior to, during, and following ICMS.
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